Bonuses for the Arabs
Starting: Begin with knowledge of Religion
Ancient: +50% caravan gold
Medieval: Free Mathematics tech
Industrial: +1 Horseman/Knight attack
Modern: 2% interest on gold
Bonuses for the French
Starting: Begin the game with a Cathedral
Ancient: Receive knowledge of Pottery
Medieval: Half-price Roads
Industrial: +2 Cannon attack
Modern: +1 Riflemen movement
Unique Units: Catapult becomes Trebuchet, Artillery becomes Howitzer
Be sure to check out the updates on the CivRev website for more info, including their civilopedia entries and fun facts.